2022
Lustig, Robert H.; Collier, David; Kassotis, Christopher; Roepke, Troy A.; Kim, Min Ji; Blanc, Etienne; Barouki, Robert; Bansal, Amita; Cave, Matthew C.; Chatterjee, Saurabh; Choudhury, Mahua; Gilbertson, Michael; Lagadic-Gossmann, Dominique; Howard, Sarah; Lind, Lars; Tomlinson, Craig R.; Vondracek, Jan; Heindel, Jerrold J.
Obesity I: Overview and molecular and biochemical mechanisms. Journal Article
In: Biochemical pharmacology, vol. 199, pp. 115012, 2022, ISSN: 1873-2968 0006-2952, (Place: England).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: *Leptin/metabolism, *Obesity/metabolism, Adipocytes/metabolism, Adipose Tissue, Adipose Tissue/metabolism, Energy balance, Energy Metabolism/physiology, Hormone receptors, Humans, Insulin/metabolism, metabolism, Microbiome, Obesity
@article{lustig_obesity_2022,
title = {Obesity I: Overview and molecular and biochemical mechanisms.},
author = {Robert H. Lustig and David Collier and Christopher Kassotis and Troy A. Roepke and Min Ji Kim and Etienne Blanc and Robert Barouki and Amita Bansal and Matthew C. Cave and Saurabh Chatterjee and Mahua Choudhury and Michael Gilbertson and Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann and Sarah Howard and Lars Lind and Craig R. Tomlinson and Jan Vondracek and Jerrold J. Heindel},
doi = {10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115012},
issn = {1873-2968 0006-2952},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-05-01},
journal = {Biochemical pharmacology},
volume = {199},
pages = {115012},
abstract = {Obesity is a chronic, relapsing condition characterized by excess body fat. Its prevalence has increased globally since the 1970s, and the number of obese and overweight people is now greater than those underweight. Obesity is a multifactorial condition, and as such, many components contribute to its development and pathogenesis. This is the first of three companion reviews that consider obesity. This review focuses on the genetics, viruses, insulin resistance, inflammation, gut microbiome, and circadian rhythms that promote obesity, along with hormones, growth factors, and organs and tissues that control its development. It shows that the regulation of energy balance (intake vs. expenditure) relies on the interplay of a variety of hormones from adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver, and brain. It details how integrating central neurotransmitters and peripheral metabolic signals (e.g., leptin, insulin, ghrelin, peptide YY(3-36)) is essential for controlling energy homeostasis and feeding behavior. It describes the distinct types of adipocytes and how fat cell development is controlled by hormones and growth factors acting via a variety of receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, retinoid X, insulin, estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, thyroid hormone, liver X, constitutive androstane, pregnane X, farnesoid, and aryl hydrocarbon receptors. Finally, it demonstrates that obesity likely has origins in utero. Understanding these biochemical drivers of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction throughout the life cycle lends plausibility and credence to the "obesogen hypothesis" (i.e., the importance of environmental chemicals that disrupt these receptors to promote adiposity or alter metabolism), elucidated more fully in the two companion reviews.},
note = {Place: England},
keywords = {*Leptin/metabolism, *Obesity/metabolism, Adipocytes/metabolism, Adipose Tissue, Adipose Tissue/metabolism, Energy balance, Energy Metabolism/physiology, Hormone receptors, Humans, Insulin/metabolism, metabolism, Microbiome, Obesity},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Obesity is a chronic, relapsing condition characterized by excess body fat. Its prevalence has increased globally since the 1970s, and the number of obese and overweight people is now greater than those underweight. Obesity is a multifactorial condition, and as such, many components contribute to its development and pathogenesis. This is the first of three companion reviews that consider obesity. This review focuses on the genetics, viruses, insulin resistance, inflammation, gut microbiome, and circadian rhythms that promote obesity, along with hormones, growth factors, and organs and tissues that control its development. It shows that the regulation of energy balance (intake vs. expenditure) relies on the interplay of a variety of hormones from adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver, and brain. It details how integrating central neurotransmitters and peripheral metabolic signals (e.g., leptin, insulin, ghrelin, peptide YY(3-36)) is essential for controlling energy homeostasis and feeding behavior. It describes the distinct types of adipocytes and how fat cell development is controlled by hormones and growth factors acting via a variety of receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, retinoid X, insulin, estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, thyroid hormone, liver X, constitutive androstane, pregnane X, farnesoid, and aryl hydrocarbon receptors. Finally, it demonstrates that obesity likely has origins in utero. Understanding these biochemical drivers of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction throughout the life cycle lends plausibility and credence to the "obesogen hypothesis" (i.e., the importance of environmental chemicals that disrupt these receptors to promote adiposity or alter metabolism), elucidated more fully in the two companion reviews.
2020
Vyhlídalová, Barbora; Krasulová, Kristýna; Pečinková, Petra; Marcalíková, Adéla; Vrzal, Radim; Zemánková, Lenka; Vančo, Jan; Trávníček, Zdeněk; Vondráček, Jan; Karasová, Martina; Mani, Sridhar; Dvořák, Zdeněk
Gut Microbial Catabolites of Tryptophan Are Ligands and Agonists of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: A Detailed Characterization. Journal Article
In: International journal of molecular sciences, vol. 21, no. 7, 2020, ISSN: 1422-0067, (Place: Switzerland).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects, Animals, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Aryl Hydrocarbon/*agonists/*metabolism, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/*agonists/*metabolism, Cell Line, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/genetics, Gene Expression, Genes, Genetic, Humans, Indoles, Ligands, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Mice, Microbiome, Promoter Regions, Protein Binding, Protein Multimerization, Receptors, Reporter, tryptophan, Tryptophan/*metabolism, Tumor
@article{vyhlidalova_gut_2020,
title = {Gut Microbial Catabolites of Tryptophan Are Ligands and Agonists of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: A Detailed Characterization.},
author = {Barbora Vyhlídalová and Kristýna Krasulová and Petra Pečinková and Adéla Marcalíková and Radim Vrzal and Lenka Zemánková and Jan Vančo and Zdeněk Trávníček and Jan Vondráček and Martina Karasová and Sridhar Mani and Zdeněk Dvořák},
doi = {10.3390/ijms21072614},
issn = {1422-0067},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-04-01},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {21},
number = {7},
abstract = {We examined the effects of gut microbial catabolites of tryptophan on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Using a reporter gene assay, we show that all studied catabolites are low-potency agonists of human AhR. The efficacy of catabolites differed substantially, comprising agonists with no or low (i3-propionate, i3-acetate, i3-lactate, i3-aldehyde), medium (i3-ethanol, i3-acrylate, skatole, tryptamine), and high (indole, i3-acetamide, i3-pyruvate) efficacies. We displayed ligand-selective antagonist activities by i3-pyruvate, i3-aldehyde, indole, skatole, and tryptamine. Ligand binding assay identified low affinity (skatole, i3-pyruvate, and i3-acetamide) and very low affinity (i3-acrylate, i3-ethanol, indole) ligands of the murine AhR. Indole, skatole, tryptamine, i3-pyruvate, i3-acrylate, and i3-acetamide induced CYP1A1 mRNA in intestinal LS180 and HT-29 cells, but not in the AhR-knockout HT-29 variant. We observed a similar CYP1A1 induction pattern in primary human hepatocytes. The most AhR-active catabolites (indole, skatole, tryptamine, i3-pyruvate, i3-acrylate, i3-acetamide) elicited nuclear translocation of the AhR, followed by a formation of AhR-ARNT heterodimer and enhanced binding of the AhR to the CYP1A1 gene promoter. Collectively, we comprehensively characterized the interactions of gut microbial tryptophan catabolites with the AhR, which may expand the current understanding of their potential roles in intestinal health and disease.},
note = {Place: Switzerland},
keywords = {*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects, Animals, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Aryl Hydrocarbon/*agonists/*metabolism, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/*agonists/*metabolism, Cell Line, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/genetics, Gene Expression, Genes, Genetic, Humans, Indoles, Ligands, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Mice, Microbiome, Promoter Regions, Protein Binding, Protein Multimerization, Receptors, Reporter, tryptophan, Tryptophan/*metabolism, Tumor},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We examined the effects of gut microbial catabolites of tryptophan on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Using a reporter gene assay, we show that all studied catabolites are low-potency agonists of human AhR. The efficacy of catabolites differed substantially, comprising agonists with no or low (i3-propionate, i3-acetate, i3-lactate, i3-aldehyde), medium (i3-ethanol, i3-acrylate, skatole, tryptamine), and high (indole, i3-acetamide, i3-pyruvate) efficacies. We displayed ligand-selective antagonist activities by i3-pyruvate, i3-aldehyde, indole, skatole, and tryptamine. Ligand binding assay identified low affinity (skatole, i3-pyruvate, and i3-acetamide) and very low affinity (i3-acrylate, i3-ethanol, indole) ligands of the murine AhR. Indole, skatole, tryptamine, i3-pyruvate, i3-acrylate, and i3-acetamide induced CYP1A1 mRNA in intestinal LS180 and HT-29 cells, but not in the AhR-knockout HT-29 variant. We observed a similar CYP1A1 induction pattern in primary human hepatocytes. The most AhR-active catabolites (indole, skatole, tryptamine, i3-pyruvate, i3-acrylate, i3-acetamide) elicited nuclear translocation of the AhR, followed by a formation of AhR-ARNT heterodimer and enhanced binding of the AhR to the CYP1A1 gene promoter. Collectively, we comprehensively characterized the interactions of gut microbial tryptophan catabolites with the AhR, which may expand the current understanding of their potential roles in intestinal health and disease.